Sylvia Plath s Literary Escape - 1203 Words

Sylvia Plath’s Literary Escape Sylvia Plath wrote The Bell Jar to liberate her from her past. This novel is the autobiographical tale of a young Sylvia Plath. Through Esther Greenwood, Sylvia manages to narrate almost exactly her life story. This narration includes her college days, her stay at the all-women’s college, her friendships with Doreen and Buddy Willard, her stay at a mental institution after a suicide attempt and even her deflowering. Sylvia penned the story in England under the pseudonym Victoria Lucas (Kehoe, para 16). Sylvia used a pseudonym because all though she changed all the characters’ names, the detail she put into her novel was borderline ferocious. The following essay will analyze why Sylvia wrote The Bell Jar, the†¦show more content†¦Sylvia’s character Esther Greenwood acts as an alter ego for Sylvia. The personalities share in the same life events such as their time in college and their stay in New York at an all-girls hotel. The two women even share in the graver events such as their sexual life and eventually their suicide attempts. Even the people in Sylvia’s life and the character’s in Esther’s fictional life resembled one another. Esther’s mother, Mrs. Greenwood, and Sylvia’s own mother shared in the same mindset. Both had definite beliefs about a woman’s role in the world which neither Esther nor Sylvia reciprocated no matter how hard they tried. Another person in Sylvia’s life transformed into a character is the deceased father of Esther. Sylvia’s own father had died. In the novel, Esther attempts suicide by over-dosing in a crawl space (Plath, 169). In Sylvia’s real life, she overdoses the pills in a cellar (Materer, 22). Both personalities are admitted into a psychiatric facility where they receive electroshock therapy and both leave the psychiatric facility with board approval. The differences in the two people lie in their concluding attitudes about life. Esther Greenwood does survive at the conclusion of the novel, while Sylvia, on February 11, 1963 puts her head in the oven at her flat in London and turns on the gas killing herself (Ames,15). Perhaps, one of Sylvia’s last harrowing sentences in The Bell Jar was how sheShow MoreRelatedThe Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath1211 Words   |  5 PagesSylvia Plath Research Paper Title The Bell Jar place[s] [the] turbulent months[of an adolescent’s life] in[to] mature perspective (Hall, 30). In The Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath uses parallelism, stream of consciousness, the motif of renewal and rebirth, symbolism of the boundary-driven entrapped mentally ill, and auto-biographical details to epitomize the mental downfall of protagonist, Esther Greenwood. Plath also explores the idea of how grave these timeless and poignant issues can affect a fragileRead More Virgin In A Tree1276 Words   |  6 Pages This poem was written in 1958, after Sylvia Plath left her job at Smith College to write for a living. It was during this time she found writing extremely difficult and resorted to set themes and deliberate exercises in style, in her efforts to find a release. The poem is based on a drawing quot;The Virgin in a Treequot; by Paul Klee. Sylvia Plath expresses her feelings about the concept of virginity, virgins etc. She holds their morals and values accountable, for wh at they believe to be rightRead MoreEssay on The Dark Life and Confessional Poetry of Sylvia Plath2207 Words   |  9 Pagespoetry—established their poetry in a single, unified voice that accentuated intimate human topics such as death, sexuality, and family. An important contributor to contemporary and confessional poetry was Sylvia Plath, who employed personal aspects of her life into her style of confessional poetry. Plath suffered from a deep depression that influenced her to often write in a dark, melancholy style. This depression included two suicide attempts of which she wrote before succeeding in suicide at the ageRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Bell Jar 1536 Words   |  7 Pagesnormality varies in many ways such as by person, time, place, situation, culture and set of values. Normality is usually seen as good and desirable by society and what society thinks while abnormality may be seen as bad or undesirable (Boundless). Sylvia Plath, the author of The Bell Jar, writes in a very simple and ordinary but exceptionally unique way. She put her whole young genuine heart and soul into this semi-autobiography. Her first person point of view allows the reader to really engage withRead MoreAnalysis Of Hughes s Poem Light Of This 1977 Words   |  8 Pages However, the ambiguity of Hughes s poetry may be derived not so much from a desire to obscure truthful representation, but from the inherently traumatic impact of this act of writing. In light of this, Hughes s fragmentary syntax and the episodic construction of the Birthday Letters sequence, may well be understood as a literal manifestation of his attempt to pull together a scattered, dispersed, or lost series of recollections (Freeman, 30); the trauma of which constantly resists any easy assimilationRead More`` Let Me Live, Love, And Say It Well Good Sentences `` Good Sentence ``2052 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Let me live, love, and say it well in good sentences† (Plath). Sylvia Plath is a confessional poet who is often the subject of her poetry. Throughout the majority of her life Sylvia Plath simply wished to live an ordinary life. However, Plath endured many tragedies during her life that influenced her stylistic approach to poetry; often based off her emotions. In her p oems, Plath acquires her central source of influence from her personal life and employs a variety of techniques to brand her messageRead MoreSylvia Plath And Anne Sexton1782 Words   |  8 PagesConfessional poets in the 1950’s and 1960’s shaped confessional poetry into a type of writing that forever changed American literature. With controversial subjects at the time such as death, trauma, depression and how relationships impacted people, confessional poetry carved a gateway for private subjects and feelings to be expressed through autobiographical writing. The inspiration behind confessional poetry was the therapy it brought to the writer, being able to take personal experiences and thoughtsRead MorePoem Analysis of Lady Lazarus by Sylvia Plath3011 Words   |  13 Pagesof being equally gripping and repulsive. Although suicide is seen as overtly morbid, gruesome and disturbing, it has made many people famous. Sylvia Plath, the illustrious 20th century poetess, is o ne of them. Sylvia Plath was born on October 27th, 1932 of two parents in a middleclass household in Boston. At a very young age, she demonstrated great literary talent and a hardworking attitude, publishing her first poem at the age of eight and maintaining a straight A record throughout all of her studiesRead MoreKate Chopins Writing Career and Influence on Society Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pagesa place in society, love, and individuality. Kate impressively portrayed Edna as a free spirited woman who openly was searching for her own happiness. The public at this time believed that portraying a woman in this way was an abomination to the literary world. The continuous bad publicity of her second novel made it exceptionally hard for her to publish more stories. Kate continued writing stories after The Awakening was published. They were not revealed to the society since no publisher would publishRead MoreEssay on Female Protagonists in Womens Literature2419 Words   |  10 Pagesexcess, the lan guages designed to consume them (Yaeger 11). She applies this theory to Charlotte Brontes heroines, but it is also applicable to other literary works such as The Golden Notebook by Doris Lessing, The Lais of Marie de France, The Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu, Lillian Hellmans plays, and the poetry of Sappho and Sylvia Plath. Yaeger discusses several qualities of the honey-mad woman, and applies them to the female protagonists in Brontes writing. [b]y consuming not

Outrage over the NSAs Data Collection is Hypocritical in...

Outrage Over the NSAs Data Collection Is Hypocritical in The Publics Acceptance of Data Mining by Other Companies. Everyone assumes that Edward Snowden first brought to the public’s attention the actions by the National Security Agency (NSA) in the mining of public data. (The Guardian and The Washington Post on June 5, 2013). â€Å"The release of classified material was called the most significant leak in US history by Pentagon Papers leaker Daniel Ellsberg†. (Gellman, B., Poitras, L. 2013). This was first reported by USA Today. ( Cauley, Leslie. 2006). There was no public comment at this time and it faded from memory. Recent events by the NSA have created public outrage about this invasion of privacy and expressed incredulity at how this†¦show more content†¦While there is the potential of conversations being heard over cordless phones, what should be more troubling is the potential for conversations being heard over the baby monitor. While a cordless phone may capture only what can be transmitted through the mouth piece transmitter, a baby monitor has the capability to ca pture sounds in larger areas. As phone systems became less reliant on land lines, privacy issues have risen as to the expectations of privacy by law enforcement. Courts struggle with the issue of cell phone conversations and the expectancy of privacy especially with the wireless transmission process. (Sengupta, S. 2013) While much of the public has experienced or is aware of the potential of conversations being heard over cordless phones and baby monitors very few complaints about invasion of privacy were made. This also has not stopped the use of them nor has this awareness guided many in using due diligence in certain illegal or immoral activities. Whether this is a conscious choice or not, it seems this invasion of our privacy has been accepted as a byproduct and benefit of the ability of freedom of movement in our ability to keep in touch. We demand privacy and yet we compromise our privacy continuously. As technology has advanced and provided better and easier ways for us to communicate through using the internet and social media sites, it has also provided income potential for businesses. Companies spend money on

Has Disneyfication destroyed the traditional folk tale and damaged childrens illustrated literature Essay Example For Students

Has Disneyfication destroyed the traditional folk tale and damaged childrens illustrated literature? Essay Has Disneyfication destroyed the traditional folk tale and damaged childrens illustrated literature? Contents 3. Introduction 4. The Death of the Seven Dwarves 5. Folk Tales 6. Rant #1 7. Input ~ Laurence Anholt writes 8. Beauty and the Beast 9. Cartoons, Capitalism, Commerce and Conjecture 13. Walter Elias Disney 18. Forum 21. I Relent 22. Sycophant 24. Rant #2 26. Tex Avery 27. Cutting Edge and Contemporary with Typographical Twists 31. Conclusion 33. Bibliography / Reference Introduction Having decided to produce a childrens book as part of my Degree course, I initially considered writing a contemporary version of one of the old folk or fairy tales, possibly a story by Hans Christian Andersen or a tale collected by the Brothers Grimm. I narrowed my selections and decided tentatively on a reworking of the classic folk tale Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. I immediately tried to blank all thoughts of Happy, Dopey, Sneezey, Bashful, Sleepy, Grumpy and Doc, but this proved harder than expected. How do you go about renaming, individualising and illustrating characters that are so firmly ensconced in the memories of children all over the world? Disneys monopolising of the fairy/folk tale genre and mass marketing of the characters as toys appeared to limit my options of adapting the Snow White story to a. Mocking the Disney version in the tale itself. or b. Radically departing from the original story and imagery. both of which seemed quite appealing. I finally decided on a subtle combination of both options, but resolved to look further into Disneys domination and desecration of folk tales, myths, fables and classic childrens literature. The Death of the Seven Dwarfs On a high plain between Brugg and Waldshut, near the Black Forest, seven dwarfs lived together in a small house. Late one evening an attractive young peasant girl, who was lost and hungry, approached them and requested shelter for the night. The dwarfs had only seven beds, and they fell to arguing with one another, for each one wanted to give up his bed for the girl. Finally the oldest one took the girl into his bed. Before they could fall asleep a peasant woman appeared before their house, knocked on the door, and asked to be let inside. The girl got up immediately and told the woman that the dwarfs had only seven beds, and that there was no room there for anyone else. With this the woman became very angry and accused the girl of being a slut, thinking that she was cohabiting with all seven men. Threatening to make a quick end to such evil business, she went away in a rage. That same night she returned with two men, whom she had brought up from the bank of the Rhine. Together they broke into the house and killed the seven dwarfs. They buried the bodies outside in the garden and burned the house to the ground. No one knows what became of the girl. Documented by Ernst Ludwig Rochholz 1856 Translation by D. L. Ashliman 1998 Whilst researching traditional fairy tales, particularly those collected by the Brothers Grimm, it became apparent to me that Disneyfication has impeded the natural evolution of the folk tale and, to some extent, tainted childrens illustrated literature and animation as a whole. Clearly my introductory tale The Death of the Seven Dwarfs would now be construed as being in bad taste: and rightly so, if considered purely in the context of 20th/21st century childrens books, and of course its an extreme example. But initially traditional folk-tales werent necessarily childrens stories, they just became so during the natural evolution of the story due to the oral traditions of times past; each re-telling would elicit new twists and variations on a fable, some subtle and engaging, others decidedly grim. In the words of writer Joseph Campbell, these stories are Told and retold, losing here a detail, gaining there a new hero, disintegrating gradually in outline, but re-created occasionally by some narrator. In his book The Masks of God: Primitive Mythology Campbell describes the folk-tale as an art on which the whole community of mankind has worked, and as if in warning to Disney himself asserts Clearly, mythology is no toy for children. Many children dont like them and many adults do C. S. Lewis on the subject of fairy tales. In my opinion the preceding old Swiss version of the tale, though cutting and concise, is far more exciting, charming and evocative than anything in Walt Disneys celluloid outing. Did Snow White really require such a nauseatingly saccharine sweet voice? Did they have to give the dwarfs memorably endearing/stupid names? Of course, I wouldnt want any young child of mine to encounter the language and brutality described in the previous text, but corny, clean-cut sentimentality, moralising, and censorship are just as, if not more offensive. My other reason for recounting The Death of the Seven Dwarves is to illustrate how the Disney machine has desecrated classic storytelling, and deigned to stamp its own sterile mark, not only on early folk tales, but also enduring favourites such as Alice in Wonderland or Tarzan. To me, sanitising great literature is plummeting to the depths of bad taste but thats not to say it shouldnt be mocked or satirized. Perhaps, during my research I was in danger of becoming a little too biased against the Disney Corporation: I need, after all, to try and balance the companys good and bad points and it certainly does have its good points. Maybe political correctness, the ever-changing moral climate, and the fickle and erratic tastes of children and parents, have a part to play in this matter. To give balance to my deliberations I decided to get a second opinion on the matter. I wrote to Catherine and Laurence Anholt, Double Gold Award winners of the NestlÃÆ'ƒÂ © Smarties Book prize and named as Top 10 childrens authors in Britain by the Independent on Sunday; and I posed the following questions Has the Disneyfication of traditional folk tales and classic childrenquot;s literature Halted the natural evolution of the folk/fairy tale? Damaged childrenquot;s literature as a whole? Affected the way that you work? and in the same way has political correctness damaged/enhanced or in any way changed the folktale or childrens literature as a whole? In response to my inquiry Laurence Anholt writes Im not a huge fan of contemporary Disney, although I loved some of the earlier animations as a child, but I guess trad itional tales have always been moderated, contemporised or censored by each new generation, and you could argue that quot;Disneyficationquot; is a natural part of that process. Itquot;s a bit like complaining that slang defiles the English language, whereas in fact language is an organic, constantly changing thing, in which slang has always played an important part. Essentially I accept Mr. Anholts point, but I would like to suggest that, in the case of folk tales unlike childrens literary classics, where we have a concrete and definite reference point, the animation giant has permanently etched a number of distinctive characters each with their own particular idiosyncrasies and a clear-cut chain of events into our subconscious minds, effectively eradicating its organic and constantly changing nature. Take for example Beauty and the Beast; As a child, no matter how many illustrated interpretations of The Beast I saw depicted in countless editions of the story, my imagination could still conjure up its own grotesque, misshapen behemoth. Sadly Disneys gruff, yet cute and cuddly buffalo style creation has entrenched itself in our bookshelves, brains, and living rooms via The Disney Store and I fear that the great illustrated revisions of this particular tale, by countless artists from the past, such as Paul Woodroffe, Margaret Tarrant, Jessie Willcox Smith, W. Heath Robinson, Charles Robinson, Arthur Rackham, Margaret Evans Price, Peter Newell, Warwick Goble, H. J. Ford, Edmund Dulac, Walter Crane, Eleanor Vere Boyle and John Batten, not to mention more recent editions illustrated by Mercer Mayer in 1978 and Jan Brett in 1989 cannot compete with complete saturation of the marketplace. I hope I can follow the path these dark illustrators have walked, or at least use the sidewalk that runs alongside it. Lane Smith ~ Childrens book illustrator In essence, Disneys machine was designed to shatter the two most valuable things about childhood ~ its secrets and its silences ~ thus forcing everyone to share the same formative dreams. It has placed a Mickey Mouse hat on every little developing personality in America. As capitalism, it is a work of genius; as culture, it is mostly a horror. Richard Schickel The Disney Version At this point I would like to point out that Im certain Disney, in its infancy, didnt set out to erase our traditions, flood the marketplace with mass produced posters and playthings or brainwash anyone, but somewhere in the companys long history, either Walt, or at least one of his unscrupulous yet perceptive employees, decided to utilise their power, to exploit gullible consumers and to overlook minor little irritations like history and folklore. Conversely, in Disneys defence Anholt rightfully points out that Angela Carterquot;s superb retellings and the Opiesquot; collections of the original versions, remind us that fairytales were cleaned up and sentimentalised long before Disney got hold of them. Traditional fairytales are full of violence and even rape and I think the Victorians changed them quite dramatically for their young readers. The stories we were told as children were also softened. Itquot;s important to consider that the original stories grew out of an oral tradition and they were told to adults as well as children and were steeped in the brutality nd morality of their time. Anholt also states that although I personally loathe the sentimental, dollar-motivated, formulaic junk that spews out of Disneyland, I feel that classic stories are robust enough to stand a bit of a thrashing. I donquot;t know if you have read my Seriously Silly Stories, illustrated by Arthur Robins, but they are certainly not reverential to tradition. In fact I would go as far as to say that some aspects of traditional fairystories need a good shaking. And in reference to one of the aforementioned tomes Beauty and the Beast for example, is a beautiful story but it could have been written by Goebbels himself! I mean it is decidedly non politically correct and needs to be completely re-told in a contemporary light. My problem with Disney is that they donquot;t challenge enough. I could go at length, but in summary I donquot;t think we need to worry too much about quot;Disneyficationquot; children have never had a greater wealth of stories and pictures; some good, some lousy, and only the best will survive the test of time. On the subject of the adaptations of classic childrens literature, in particular the travesty that is Walt Disneyquot;s Alice in Wonderland I would like to refer to reviewer Dan Patanella, who pledges in his internet appraisal of the film that; No amount of contextualism, revisionism, conversations with caterpillars, or sampling alternate slices of giant mushrooms will convince anyone that Disneyquot;s Alice in Wonderland is a classic film. Itquot;s a time-filler. Disney turned the Tea Party into an amusing ride at his various theme parks, and thatquot;s perhaps the kindest thing I can say. Ever the conservative film, the Disney version of Alice follows the Hollywood tradition of mashing together Lewis Carrolls Alices Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass , using Carrolls bizarre characters as excuses for stunt casting , and presenting the final result as a whimsical, neutered fairy tale. Patanella informs us that prior to the presentation of the finished artwork, studio drawings suggested a blatant Tenniel influence, but that on completion of the project the clean lines and flat colours were reminiscent of a more recent animation style such as Hanna-Barbera. He goes on to assert that in this film Much of Carrolls wordplay is dumped, and what little retained is delivered in a fey, overly precious manner. Mr Patanella also quizzically contemplates the question of whether Alice in Wonderland could be described as Disneys worst animated full-length feature film; but ultimately deems this accusation a little unfair, considering the companys recent penchant for churning out straight to video sequels such as Aladdin. I was personally quite flabbergasted, recently, to see a television advertisement for Disneys latest venture: a DVD/Video sequel to 101 Dalmatians. What they appear to be feeding us here in 101 Dalmatians 2- Patchs London Adventure is a feature film sequel, that is not only 40 years too late, but one which has been preceded by the live-action version of the original film, as well as its live-action sequel. In this instance I think that the Disney Corporation is being a little too greedy and far too lazy for its own good and I think that, unfortunately, children brought up on a diet of tedious, run of the mill entertainment and audiovisual mediocrity will greet it with open arms and lazy parents will accept it as another animated quick-fix to silence their restless and understandably inquisitive offspring, whilst critics and those with a more selective appetite will justifiably shake their heads and simply yawn. In the same vein Dan Patanella states that Alice may very well be a suitable time-killer for undemanding children totally unfamiliar with the Lewis Carroll texts. All others will find the film annoying in proportion to their love of Carrolls writing, and hope that Disneys heirs dont revive the hookah-smoking caterpillar and the Mad Hatter in a direct-to-video sequel. Patanella also points out in his review that Uncle Walts input on the film was negligible, aside from obtaining the rights to use Tenniels original book illustrations as a basis for character outline and design, he also indicates the irony in that an early animated series by Walt Disney himself had the title Alice in Cartoonland and questions why Disney didnt shown more interest in the development of the project. In The Disney Version The Life, Times, Art and Commerce of Walt Disney, Author Richard Schickel informs us that, apparently the movie mogul didnt particularly care for the film personally and, in hindsight, bemoaned the fact that it was filled with weird characters The more he worked on it, the more he came to think of Alice herself as a prim and prissy little person, lacking in humour and too passive in her role in the story. Audiences, he felt, could not identify with her and he could not blame them much: neither could he. To me, this begs the question; is it Disney the man or Disney the company that I should be taking issue with? To clarify this point I decided to read a little more on the man himself. Could go on a Disney slagging off session as I hate everything he stood for politically. That, however, is not the point here. James Merry Illustrator/Animator Apparently, when Walter Elias Disney died of acute circulatory collapse on a December morning in 1966, his empire was at its zenith. The corporations balance sheets showed total profits at their highest since the companys inception in the early twenties. The character of Nora in A Doll's House EssayIf Disney hadnquot;t participated in telling those tales many children and adults may never have heard them at all. Perhaps they even encouraged the older versions to be retold over the years I never read The Little Mermaid until I saw the movie first and became interested in the story. What good is a book if it sits on the shelf? The beauty of a story is in the telling. You refer to the final version of the Beast that appeared in the film as some kind of branding iron that will burn all other versions of this character from the memory or imaginations of the public. Personally, I suggest you take a look at some of the concept art that was created in the planning stages for that film, they werenquot;t all sweet and the illustrations are fantastic, but again this is just one telling for the story by a team of artists. I doubt this or any other film, will eradicate any piece of inspiring artwork from a readerquot;s memory. Where in any Disney Marketing material do you see anyone telling consumers to overlook minor little irritations like history and folklore? No one is holding that child in his/her chair and saying Donquot;t you do it! Donquot;t you open that book! For Godquot;s sake, donquot;t READ it!! . Since Waltquot;s death, the lull that the Disney Company had in the early 80quot;s anybody remember The Black Cauldron. anybody and the resurgence and perverse expansion into every type of business they could become involved in I think many people have become bitter toward the Mouse and Mickey as more of corporate symbol than the character they loved as a child. Marketing, high prices at the Disney Store, and press coverage of Michael Eisner in court have diluted the Technicolor that once awed America on Sunday night television. But the heart and soul of the Disney Company has always been its feature-animated films, and every good film starts with a good story. -Lisa Mazzuca On Your Mark Design Graphics www. oymdesigngraphics. com Courageous storytelling ~ Although I have already accepted and conceded some of these points in my previous text, I have to say that I believe that it is this type of unadulterated hero worship and pitiful sycophancy and that has turned Walt Disney into both an American deity and, conversely, an object of disdain and ridicule. It seems to escape the minds of some people that Disney was, amongst other things, a businessman and predominantly interested in making money and not a saintly benefactor working for the good of mankind as Ms. Mazzuca would suggest. Surely it is no coincidence, as Gary Morris points out in his Bright Lights Film Journal that: these stories predate the copyright laws and were thus free to adapt. Making money has always played an important part in the make-up of the Disney corporation and I do not think that unwarranted fawning and flattering of the man can absolve him from any blame, he was after all an unabashed capitalist. I also cannot see how anyone could possibly submit Disneys The Little Mermaid as a positive example of an adapted folk tale, and extolling the virtues of concept art in the planning stages of Beauty and the Beast merely highlights the fact that these fantastic unsweetened drawings were not used in the final film. I do accept a point that many have made which suggests some of the earlier animated feature films were intentionally over-sweetened to combat the general gloom resulting from the Great Depression, but I think its important to remember that Disney wasnt the only animator at that time toying with folk and fairy tales, and some of these others didnt subscribe to Disneys sugary style. In one of Gary Morriss journal articles he informs us that Not everyone in Hollywood was so enamoured of order or happy endings or the sentimental school of mindless, grinning funny little animals. Amongst these renegades of Warner Brothers Termite Terrace were Chuck Jones, Bob Clampett and most notably Tex Avery. As Morris affirms Averyquot;s application of modernist elements to an ancient cultural form is the most complex and extreme of the lot. Between 1937 and 1949, whilst animating for Warner Bros. and M-G-M studios, Tex Avery made eight films based on or relating to fairy tales, namely: Little Red Wa lking Hood, Little Rural Riding Hood, Red Hot Riding Hood, Swing Shift Cinderella, Cinderella Meets Fella, The Bears Tale, A Gander at Mother Goose, and Blitz Wolf. Morris again explains that these animated shorts represent an assault on the Bettelheim school that sees fairy tales as the source of moral instruction for youth, and, closer to home, on the Disney aesthetic. Averyquot;s rendering of these ancient tales were produced to gratify the young and naive, as well as the more mature worldly-wise audience and to reverse the sentimentalist trend by bringing chaos out of order. For young audiences, Avery preserves the trappings of the genre ~ talking animals, supernatural events ~ and adds the cinematic touch of physical law constantly challenged. For adults, he litters his work with sexual innuendo and distancing devices that replace the sense of reassuring archetypes with a modernist construct that merges the story with its audience, puts adult preoccupations e. g. , sex in place of childrenquot;s, and imagines characters not as clueless tabula rasas awaiting moral enlightenment but as sophisticated, willful creatures with a bottomless bag o f tricks. Gary Morris The Fairy Tales of Tex Avery For a time, Avery was able to successfully remove the tired old characters of the big bad wolf and red riding hood from their safe and sacred sanctuary of the well-worn fantasy narrative and relocate them into a sleazy, urban landscape full of pool halls and nightclubs awash with lusty ladies, sinful suggestions and sarcastic side swipes: creating in the process a unique world of self-conscious cartoon actors who know theyquot;re in a cartoon and freely comment on their status as fictional creations, undercutting the story at every turn. So, are there any contemporary artists still willing to challenge the Disney aesthetic and produce childrens books and illustrated folk-tales with a harder edge? A name that was mentioned earlier in this discussion is that of Lane Smith, an artist renowned for distorting folk tales and fables. After meeting with writer Jon Scieszka in 1986 the inventive pair produced The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs. The book, described by internet childrens book site Kidsreads. om as a wise-guy fairytale was initially rejected by most publishers for being too weird and too sophisticated but has now sold over a million copies, been translated into ten languages, and has been called a classic picture book for all ages. Their next venture which, incidentally, I recently purchased was a collection of anarchic interpretations of classic tales and fables called The Stinky Cheese Man and other Fairly Stupid Tales and certainly breaks boundaries in the world of childrens illustrated literature. The book itself questions the principles and standard practices not only of folk-tales but even those of typography and publishing. For example: Take the opening tale, the classic Chicken Licken; One minute the story is running along smoothly in the traditional manner and then an odd little character, claiming to be Jack the Narrator appears shouting Wait a minute! Wait a minute! , only to inform us that he forgot to publish the contents page; The throng of familiar characters Goosey Loosey, Ducky Lucky etc. gnore this bizarre interlude and carry on their customary course until the Table of Contents falls from the sky and kills them all, leaving a twisted mass of typography and body parts. But of course its not purely Jon Scieszkas bizarre plot and the imaginative use of typography that makes this book so different and so successful; Lane Smiths beguiling use of all manner of media, from photomontage to printed textiles certainly strike the eye accordingly, in his weird and wonderful renderings of such tales as Cinderumplestiltskin and The Really Ugly Duckling. I was surprised to read that much of his sinister grainy work was not done using any spray-painting technique. As Smith himself explains: A lot of reviewers have misidentified my technique as airbrush or dyes or even egg tempera. I think this is because it almost looks as if it was sprayed with paint with little dots of color and texture visible. Actually, my work is rendered in oil paints. I paint on board, building up several thin glazes of the oil, sealing them between coats with an acrylic spray varnish. This not only dries the oil instantly, but also causes a chemical reaction between the oil and the acrylic. Normally, it would be a mistake to combine two opposites like this and in fact it was a mistake the first time I did it, but I liked the results. Iquot;m a big fan of artists who play with surfaces. I love texture and grunge. The trick is to know when to stop. Sometimes I keep adding more and more layers until Iquot;ve ruined the piece. Usually I stop when the painting starts to look interesting. Then I go in with a fine brush and add details, lights and darks, etc. Itquot;s a laborious process, but itquot;s unpredictable and it keeps me interested and surprised. This book retains its appeal to children as a familiar storybook, whilst attracting the adult graphic-novel readers, sells successfully worldwide, has won many awards and still manages to offend a few purists along the way. Another artist who works with a variety of media, styles and techniques is Lauren Child. I was interested in her innovative mix of naive-art, montage and creative typography, but particularly the combination of these techniques with digital media A recipe I have recently been experimenting with myself. In Whoquot;s Afraid of the Big Bad Book, the hero Herb falls into a book of fairytales, where he instigates a chaotic series of events, meets a tenacious and headstrong Goldilocks, is pursued by numerous recognizable individuals and ultimately gets rescued by his Fairy Godmother. Herb is also the star of Beware of the Storybook Wolves another Lauren Child book to mess about with the conventions of this genre. This time, the wolves from his bedtime story come alive to devour the boy, but the child tricks the wolves and again begins a madcap jaunt through a number of well-known fables, along with more of those notorious fairy tale characters and mocked clichÃÆ'ƒÂ ©s. Ilene Cooper, in her internet review of the book, states that The artwork is franticÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢ €šÂ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?strips of color serve as background for exuberant pen-and-watercolor pictures reminiscent of Quentin Blakes art, only kicked up one dizzy notch. Of course, having mentioned Quentin Blake, we are reminded of hi work with the late Roald Dahl and in particular their book of Revolting Rhymes which memorably satirised a number of tales, again including Little Red Riding Hood. In Dahls last picture book he teamed up with illustrator Patrick Benson to produce a book that almost straddles genres; a contemporary tale that, whilst featuring deep dark forests, a throng of little people, a largely unseen beast and a general feeling of foreboding, still manages to retain a modern, upbeat, quality largely due to Bensons twisting on the old cross-hatching style. My final example is the work of author James Finn Garner and illustrator Lisa Amoroso entitled Politically Correct Bedtime Stories: Modern Tales for Our Life Times a sample of which is neatly condensed by book reviewer Russell A. Peck: Cinderella is a kind of misfit with sisters-of-step heavily augmented with cosmetics, a man appears, her individual deity proxy, who helps her prepare for the ball with tight-fitting clothes that cut off her circulation and high heeled shoes that ruin peoplequot;s bone structure. Conclusion To start summing up, I would like to point out that when I first started this dissertation I honestly believed that my original question Has Disneyfication destroyed the traditional folk tale and damaged childrens illustrated literature? had an obvious answer and that my research would reveal an open and shut case. But during my research I have discovered the matter to be far more complex than I had initially anticipated. Even though I still believe that the Disne y corporation has permanently altered the course of the folk tale, I now dont necessarily believe this to be such a heinous crime. For the foreseeable future I will still look upon Disney ~ the man, the machine and the mouse ~ with a certain amount of scepticism, contempt and culpability but possibly with a little less angst. It has recently occurred to me that we can equate Disneys apparently inadvertent interference in the evolution of the folk tale with that of the new breed of Illusionists who supposedly spoil the traditional, tried and tested, formulaic magic by showing you exactly how the trick is done: when in reality they are challenging the conventions of a dying art and merely invite revitalisation, invention and the promotion of healthy competition. Back in the area of childrens literature and film, I am also encouraged by the resurgence of witches, wizards, ogres and the like, in blockbusters such as Shrek and the Harry Potter series, whilst obviously not forgetting The Lord of the Rings trilogy. But funnily enough, the final factor in turning my argument around was simply the fleeting appearance of a number of well known storybook characters in a recent, extremely popular, award winning childrens book. Pumpkin Soup by Helen Cooper, a beautifully illustrated and fairly cheerful tale about a cat, a squirrel and a duck, contains a segment where two of these protagonists wander through a grim, shadowy forest, imagining all manner of beast and villain, most notably the green-faced witch in the pointy hat, the big bad wolf, a hungry fox and a brutal bear, whilst a lost and oblivious innocent skips playfully on his way. And here again we have an artist imaginatively playing with typography and challenging conventions. All of this simply proves that somehow, however stale or sterile the genre can get, there are always cutting edge artists around to tinker with ideas and subvert from the norm, not to mention annual pantomimes and Halloween celebrations to keep these shady characters tightly lodged in our subconscious minds. And having researched far more on the subject of Disney than I could possibly convey in this thesis, I will have to leave you with a thought from Paul Bommer Artist and Illustrator, who surmises: I guess the old frozen nazi wasnquot;t all bad!

The Importance of Service Experience-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Service Experience and the difficulties in Management associated with it. Answer: Introduction This paper intends to look at the importance of service experience and the difficulties in management associated with it. In the day to day business environment, the service providers offer services to their customers. Each customers experience at the service counter or at the table in a restaurant situation is different. The way the hotel attendants handle cases, such as mixed up table reservations or having to break to the customer the bad news that all the tables available have been booked, defines each customers experience. Different attending employees have different methods of handling the customers. Some will first engage the customer in a brief conversation, making them feel welcome and valued while others go straight to the point, serve the customer without making them feel welcome a second time. Customers are pleased with good service and where they get to be engaged by the service provider. Significance of Service Encounter The opinion that a customer has towards a service rendered to them whether in a restaurant after a nice meal, or an airline after flying with it is called service encounter. The capability to meet the needs of the customer is entirely dependent on the service giver (Updhyay, Sharma 2014, pp.34). Immediately the customer gets to speak with the hotel attendant serving him or her, they start to assess their dining experience at that restaurant. Customers evaluate the level to which their satisfaction has been met in accordance to the service provider hence, even though the meal served to them is a delicacy and the waiter bring it to the table is rude, the customer will most likely conclude the entire dining experience was unpleasant. The restaurant business is competitive since at every corner there is a hotel or a fast food service system, therefore, the business owners strive to create business models without gaps that could be filled by upcoming entrepreneurs. The behavior portrayed by the service providers at the front line is critical to a customer's assessment of a service (Hassan 2013, pp.412). Thereby, a good service encounter is key to defeating competitors in the currently overpopulated marketplace. Employers are now hiring motivated, high performance and productive employees so as to improve the quality of services rendered to their customers. Due to the fast growth of the service department, customers have become stricter in the assessment of their service encounters (Ryu, Lee, Gon Kim 2012, pp.203). To counter this strictness, the service givers are more attentive to the surroundings, in other words, known as the services cape, and their general effect on the quality of the service offered (Ryu, Lee, Gon Kim 2012, pp.200). Research into services cape has shown that certain atmospheric characteristics have a straight forward impact on customer's feelings and fulfillment and also the behavior of the employee. Research has also shown that with good relaxing music playing in the background in a restaurant setting and beautiful decorations accompanied by a delicious meal the customers give positive opinions about their service experiences (Rankin, Senoadi, Bradshaw, Wiman, Bengtsson, Sharpe, Wentland, Claflin 2013, pp.34). Factors such as sweet smelling aroma to get the customer drooling even before he/she is served and well-arranged tables with glasses displayed in an orderly manner ensure the customer enjoys the night and leaves the restaurant satisfied. The customer also expects that the delivery of the service will be of good quality. The attendants in the restaurant are tasked with the duty to make the customer feel welcome during their interaction at the same time paying attention to them at the time they are making their order or asking for anything else. Analysis of the Managerial Implications In the current business environment, competition is one major challenge faced by every business except in cases of monopoly (Krishna, 2014, pp.45). The restaurant business is not any different. The managerial department in the restaurants has established that it's not enough to offer great meals or excellent atmosphere to the consumers (Krishna, 2014, pp.54). Customers have evolved to become more refined and their assessment of the general dining experience stretches beyond the physical environment thereby including the hotel attendants interaction with them (Oliveira, Thomas, Baptista, Campos 2016, pp.404). The customers have become overly cautious such that specific characteristics determine whether or not they are satisfied. The assumption that the atmosphere in the restaurant matching the food served and the type of design on the inside suiting the outside ensures more satisfaction for the customer, has certain implications for the managers which include; the consumers assess their experiences at a restaurant as a package. The service providers need to ensure that they meet the customers expectations of both the services cape and their delivery of the service. Secondly, keen consideration is required in deciding the right level of excitement brought about by the factors in the surrounding. Thirdly, the service providers at the restaurant can incorporate the unique external environment characteristics to create remarkable memories for the customer (Montaa 2017, pp.31). Fourthly, involving the customers in the sales process by the collecting their views on the quality of the services offered and the products. Finally, there is the need for a balanced equilibrium between the services cape and the main product of sale. In the event that more attention is paid to the physical environment and the service is neglected, the customers will not be satisfied. Conclusion The customers feelings and assessment of a restaurant are greatly affected by the surrounding environment and the quality of the service they receive. The customers perceive their experiences at a restaurant in a holistic version. The package includes the kind of food they are served how good it is and the atmosphere at the restaurant. Regardless of the competitive nature of the restaurant business, the key to succeeding is being able to identify all the needs of the customers and satisfying them (Eccles, Ioannou and Serafeim, 2014 pp.2835). Customers look for things such as how the waiter handled the customer's request, how good he/she was at delivering the service and also personal attributes such as warm smile, easy to interact with (Visser, 2014 pp.10). The first impression that a customer gets after interacting with the server dictates the opinion that he/she leaves the restaurant with that day. The success brought about by adopting the unique characteristics of the physical env ironment provides evidence that other business can utilize this strategy and succeed. Bibliography Oliveira, T., Thomas, M., Baptista, G. and Campos, F., 2016. Mobile payment: Understanding the determinants of customer adoption and intention to recommend the technology. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, pp.404-414. Rankin, R.L., Senoadi, N., Bradshaw, K.C., Wiman, E.I., Bengtsson, R.J., Sharpe, B.L., Wentland, M.E. and Claflin, S., The Boeing Company, 2013. Customizable service space. U.S. Patent 8,519,824. Ryu, K., Lee, H.R. and Gon Kim, W., 2012. The influence of the quality of the physical environment, food, and service on restaurant image, customer perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 24(2), pp.200-223. Updhyay, Y. and Sharma, D., 2014. Culinary preferences of foreign tourists in India. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 20(1), pp.29-39. Prasad, H.A.C., Sathish, R. and Singh, S.S., 2014. Emerging Global Economic Situation: Opportunities And Policy Issues for Services Sector. Government of IndiaMinistry of Finance, New Delhi. Krishna, K., 2014. Analysing Competition in the Quick Service Restaurant Industry. Browser Download This Paper. Hassan, A., 2013. Perspective analysis and implications of visitor managementexperiences from the Whitechapel Gallery, London. Anatolia, 24(3), pp.410-426. Montaa, R.A., 2017. Corporate Sustainability and Responsibility 2.0: Moral Foundations and Implications. KRITIKE: An Online Journal of Philosophy, 11(1). Visser, W., 2014.CSR 2.0: Transforming corporate sustainability and responsibility. New York, NY: Springer. Eccles, R.G., Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G., 2014. The impact of corporate sustainability on organizational processes and performance.Management Science,60(11), pp.2835-2857

Business Environment Assignment Essay Example

Business Environment Assignment Paper Also known as business operations. Business sector: An area of the economy in which businesses share the same or a related product or service. Economies are comprised of four sectors. The primary sector involves the extraction and harvesting of natural products from the earth (e. G. , agriculture, mining and forestry). The secondary sector consists Of processing, manufacturing and construction. The tertiary sector provides services, such as retail sales, entertainment and financial services. The quaternary sector is made up of intellectual pursuits, like education. Business purpose: The purpose of the business is to fill a need. Money comes after. So, Basically Money is secondary. You should focus on a need to succeed the business. Filling that need with something that makes money will make the business grow and succeed. The difference between a profit and a non-profit business is that one aim for the business is to make money and an the opposite for the other Ownership of a business: Forms of business ownership vary by jurisdiction, but several common forms exist: Sole proprietorship: A sole proprietorship is owned by one person and operates for profit. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Environment Assignment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Business Environment Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Business Environment Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The owner may operate the business alone or employ other people. Stakeholders: A key stakeholder is someone who can help your planning effort succeed or fail the person who has information you need, or other important resources for solving the problem ; access to money or legislative or regulatory fixes. Laid: Laid is a franchise company in the private sector, it is a private limited company because it was founded by two brothers named, Karl and Thee Albrecht. It is a global company which means that is has more than one location worldwide. The purpose of Laid is to supply high quality goods and offer an amazing service to their customers. The key stakeholders for this equines are, customers, employees, suppliers and owners. The ownership of Laid is Karl and Thee Albrecht, Thee Jar and Borehole Albrecht. Reference: http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/Laid INS is a national company which is owned by the government, it is a public limited company which means its government owned. This business is a non- profit business which means they do not aim to make a profit . Key stakeholders include: Commissioners Customers Collaborators Contributors Commentators Consumers Competitors The INS is in the tertiary sector because it is a service. Unit 1 Business Environment, Activity 1. PA-PA This task will describe the organizational structure of the two chosen businesses and explaining why that structure helps the business to fulfill its needs.. Purpose: The purpose of the business is to fulfill a need. Money comes after. So, Basically Money is secondary. You should focus on a need to succeed the business. Filling that need with something that makes money will make the business grow and succeed. Ownership organizational structure: Organizational structure refers to the way in which workers are arranged in a business. A hierarchy is an organization that is structured in layers. Those at he top of the hierarchy have more authority than those lower down. Strategic planning: Strategic planning is an organizations process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy. Laid (Ltd) Laid is organized by a divisional structure, their structure looks like this: This structure helps fulfill their needs because every member of staff knows where they stand in the business. Hardships School (PL) Hardships would be organized with a divisional Structure. The purpose of this is to see how each department is split up and you can easily find where each member of staff is. This task is going to be describing the influences of two contrasting economic environments on business activities within a selected organization. Imports and Exports Imports- goods or objects coming into a country Exports-goods or objects going to a different country Impact of the economic environment: Economic environment refers to all of the factors that affect the behavior of businesses and consumers. The rate of growth of the economy, the level of employment changes in the level of prices or the cost of borrowing can have a significant influence on demand for products and therefore the level of reduction. Inflation The rate of inflation measures to the annual increase in the average level of prices within the economy. An annual fall in the average price lead is referred to as deflation. Rising levels of inflation can cause a number of problems for businesses Reduced profit levels if firms are unable to pass on increasing costs of materials and power by increasing the prices they charge to their own customers perhaps because they operate in fiercely competitive markets. How businesses are affected by government policy Governments create the rules and frameworks in which businesses are able o compete against each other. From time to time the government will change these rules and frameworks forcing businesses to change the way they operate. Business is thus keenly affected by government policy. Changes in GAP and in demand in economies studied. Economic growth is important if businesses are to grow and prosper. It relates to growth in the output of the economy as a whole. Growth is measured as the change in the gross domestic product (GAP) of a country over one year. For comparisons over time this figure must be adjusted to allow for inflation and the resulting value is called real growth. KEF In England and China: The chief of kef in the I-J and Ireland has revealed plans to create 9000 as recession hit British consumers opt for cheaper ways of eating out. Reference: http://www. Telegraph. Co. UK/finance/newsworthy/ retail and consumer/4733058/Recession-finger-licking-good-for-CIFS-UK-chief- Martin-Shaker. HTML The chain of fried chicken stores, which currently employs about 20,000 people in its 760 British stores, said it was making an investment of up to mm in an expansion drive that will see it open between 200 and 300 restaurants in the next three to five years. Reference: http:// www. Independent. Co. UK/news/UK/home-news/fasted-nation-kef-bucks- trend-with-9000-new-jobs-1623799. HTML KEF china: After six months of labor negotiations, KEF China raised minimum monthly wages to approximately $0. 82 hourly, it doesnt seem much but it is nearly a 30% rise KEF accounted for 40% of Chinas fast food market across almost 4,000 restaurants, and there were another 16,000 planned. The chain had localized the menu sufficiently to appeal to the Chinese palate, but kept the restaurants American enough, giving diners an affordable way to live the Western dream. Cuffs sales in China crashed 36% in April. Some of it was due to Bird Flu fears, but sales were falling before the news of HON.. Broke. The discovery of excessive levels of antibiotics in KEF chickens had already harmed the brands image of a good safe meal and the novelty factor of KEF was also wearing off for many of Chinas consumers, especially those in the big cities. Reference: http://skyjackings. Com/blob/china-fast-food-fast- changes PA This task will be describing the political, legal and social factors impacting on business activities of my two selected organizations and their stakeholders. LAID And INS) LAID: Political factors- Laid, short for Albrecht Discount, operating in a globalizes environment with stores all around the UK. It is a German multinational headquartered in Essen (reference). Hence Lids performance is highly influenced by the political and legislative conditions of these countries, including the EX.. Legal factors-The UK market is highly regulated which makes market entry for Multi-national difficult. European commission has made displaying nutrition facts of eatable products mandatory for retails industry. EX. Wide standards will help consumers to a more balanced diet. Most companies already show nutrition facts on their products. Government legislations and policies have a direct impact on the performance of Laid. Social Factors- Auks population is shrinking and aging. Impact of population shrinking on UK could lead to shortage of labor in the market place and rising expenses in services like medical services, education services. Eventually government will have to cut down on benefits and pension, or increase tax to provide to pay higher contributions and health insurance. The trend of rising expenses is affecting Auks shoppers buying behavior, and effecting their nature and forcing them to compromising on quality. INS: Political factors- Although all the major political parties pledged to protect the INS from spending cuts, after a period of unprecedented growth there is the prospect of a three-year real-terms funding freeze, or close to it. This would be the most austere period for the INS in over thirty years. Legal factors- When the coalition came to power, they said they would protect the INS budget. They did, but only just. Funding in England is rising by O. 1% a year during this parliament. The situation is little better elsewhere in the UK. That is the longest period of flat growth in the history of the INS and for a service that is used to average rises of about 4% a year it feels much more like a cut. Social factors- many large supermarkets are selling cheap fast food and alcohol which effects peoples health, which means more people need treatments so the more people needing treatment the more people are going to be waiting to get treated, which leaves people feeling annoyed and because INS is seen as a Provider of health care people start blaming their health problems on INS which gives them a bad reputation.

Colgan Air and the Planes Landing Issue

Colgan Air and the Planes Landing Issue Weather is an important factor in relation to planes and their orientation in the sky. Colgan Air case and the issue regarding planes landing in the wrong airport relate to several problems. As a Colgan Air pilot not involved in the incident, I can notice that there are several questions that might be raised pertaining to the case.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Colgan Air and the Planes Landing Issue specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first one would be regarding the weather conditions at the time of the incident. Often, pilots have very little choice, as the weather conditions become severe in a matter of minutes. It is clear that pilots are very much limited in the number of things they can do to decide on the best course of action, and often, the choice is absent altogether. Sometimes, there are weather conditions that leave pilots with no options. A question regarding the visibility is also appropr iate, as the instruments on the panel board might become not as useful as the visual recognition of the runway. Moreover, it is obvious that pilots have a dangerous employment where only a limited number of steps can be taken to prevent an accident. There is great dependence on the abilities of the plane and weather, and a person has to make quick decisions in directing the machine. Even though a pilot has to go through extensive training and tests, there are still times when a situation cannot be predicted, and a person has to go by the feelings and thoughts that are present at the moment. As such, the condition of the pilot should be questioned. How was he/she feeling prior to the flight, and was he or she affected by any substances? As the Colgan Air president, I would like to note some technical moments that might be put into question. As the design and technology that were used in building and engineering an airport are very complex and structured, they must be differentiated f rom others, so that pilots can see the difference. In this case, it was mentioned that the two airports looked very similar, so the president would ask a question of what could have been done differently to the layout and the design of the airports to allow pilots to see the specifics of their destination airport (Continental Connection Plane Lands at Wrong Louisiana Airport, 2009). There are many details that are important to keep in mind in order to build a well functioning and effective airport, but having unique features would allow pilots quicker recognition. The safety of people on the ground and on the plane is an important matter, and so, the conditions of the surface must be constantly monitored. A president could question ethics and morality in the wrongdoing of landing the plane at the wrong airport. From one perspective, if there is something wrong with the plane and it had to make the landing, it would be unwise to punish the pilots.Advertising Looking for criti cal writing on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since there are specific air routes that are taken, it would be improper to let the plane circle the airport and cause delays to people as well as massive financial losses to the company and other organizations that are involved in the airlines’ business. On the other hand, if the problem is a significant one and all the planes make such a mistake, there must be something wrong with the instructions or the technology used in determining the correct airport. Overall, structural and procedural changes must be made to exclude this form of error. Reference Continental Connection Plane Lands at Wrong Louisiana Airport. (2011). Retrieved from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/continental-connection-pl_n_955358

Mobile phone technology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Mobile phone technology - Case Study Example (Language, Learning & Technology, 2002, 6) Furthermore, according to Kodama (2005, 22) 'technological innovation and changes in market structures are extremely swift in high-tech fields such as IT, multimedia, and biotechnology; the question of what sort of strategies or organization corporations should adopt in this rapidly changing environment is a major topic of research and practical study. In particular, for various large, leading-edge businesses like ICT (Information and Communication Technology), recent years have brought increasingly intense pressure to leverage the strategic community (SC) through partnership-based inter-organizational collaboration for the purpose of developing strategic enterprises, expanding the market shares of their products and services, and creating new businesses'. It should be noticed here that the new 3G technology is 'just the latest in a series of developments since the first generation of phones became available in the 1980s, but it is certainly one of the most hyped; With more bandwidth than earlier services, 3G can handle more information, faster, and is thus able to offer its users a richer experience through a plethora of new gadgets and features; Instead of just text-messaging and voice calls, 3G makes it possible to take and receive live video, to watch recorded video and live TV images, and to access the internet, all without wires' (Sheridan, 2003, 28). It is estimated that there are 'about 60 3G networks in 25 countries around the world. In Asia, Europe and the USA, telecommunication companies use WCDMA technology with the support of around 100 terminal designs to operate 3G mobile networks' [5] II. Vodafone - Company Overview Vodafone is the 'largest mobile telecommunications network company in the world, with equity interests in 27 countries and Partner Networks in a further 33 countries. At 30 June 2006, Vodafone had approximately 186.8 million proportionate customers worldwide'[1] Although the company has achieved a high performance the previous years, the amount of money spent in the research sector is really impressive showing that the continuous development and the customer satisfaction are among the priorities of the company. In recent years, one of the most significant developments of the firm has been the introduction and the application of the 3G technology which is based on the use of advanced electronic systems in order to offer very high speeds on the transfer of voice, text and image. III. 3G technology - Description and advantages IIIa. 3G technology and the mobile industry 3G (or 3-G) is 'short for third-generation technology. It is usually used in the context of cell phones; The services associated with 3G provide the ability to transfer both voice data (a telephone call) and non-voice data (such as downloading information, exchanging email, and instant messaging); The first country which introduced 3G on a large commercial scale was Japan. In 2005

Business and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business and Society - Essay Example Every company has got a certain number of stakeholders who play a crucial role in the growth of the company. Therefore the companies should make serious attempts to make sure that the stakeholders can also have a good growth and have good economic and social conditions. I believe that the laws that are been made by the different governments of different countries focusing on the welfare of the human beings and the society are to be followed by the company strictly so that they don’t face any kind of legal obligations. The stakeholders for the company are owners, suppliers, customers, local community, employees and management. But I think increase in welfare of the stakeholders is possible only when the cycle is been completed that is the company also in return does help the stakeholders in their growth and for having a good and happy life. The owners of the company give their money and have financial stake in the company in the form of stocks and bonds and they also expect that they get some kind of financial return from the corporation as well (Freeman, 2005). The employees do give their best and work efficiently for the growth of the company but in return they also look for a good salary and also want to avail some good facilities which can help them in having a good and comfortable life. The company should look to take care of the safety and health of the employees and also of their families. It should provide good educational facilities for the children’s of the employees. I can see that if the company provides such facilities to the employees than the employees feel motivated to work more eff iciently. For any company the suppliers do play a big role as they are the one who supply good quality materials to the company helping them in producing good quality products for the customers. So the company should always make attempts to see that the suppliers also keep growing along with the company and they also

The Role of the Advanced Practice Nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Role of the Advanced Practice Nurse - Essay Example The complexity of the contemporary healthcare environment has significantly changed and the role of nurses has also continued to change due to increased technology advancement. The access to healthcare delivery and nurses offering these services are changing rapidly due to increased demanding needs; therefore, each state is attempting to deal with these increasing healthcare changes through expanding and advancing the roles of nurses. Educators are now required to offer effective training services to graduates in order to prepare them with clear understanding of the Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) roles. APN refers as the nursing interventions that influence healthcare outcomes such as care management, nursing administration, direct clinical care of individual patients and development of healthcare policies. Understanding APN roles, professional and regulatory issues will enable nurses to make reasonable transition in the healthcare market. Educators should employ effective approaches for building APN role content into graduate course units since this can enable nurses to their intended goals effectively. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to offer clear analysis of the roles being played by advanced practice nurses in the contemporary healthcare market. Core APN competencies The core competencies for APN nursing roles arise from role requirements, nursing regulations, nursing principles and practices, as well as, professional behavior standards necessary to offer competent, ethical and safe care. These core competencies offer the basis through which practitioners, human resource managers and educators can determine the acceptance level necessary for practicing in APN role in a certain situational context. The core competences address two significant elements including the professional development and the clinical practice both of which are significant for the APN role to attain the acceptable nursing standards and practices. a) Clinical Practice Competencies Practice core competencies are among the significant APN roles and this includes participating in direct patient care. This is an essential part of clinical practice because it adequately fulfills the role of nursing practitioner. Hamric and Hanson (2003) argue that direct clinical practice is one of the central competencies for APN because it informs and offers a foundation for which to build pillars for expert coaching. It also provides a basis for collaboration, research and ethical decision making vital for meeting the demanding needs of patients. Scholars have attempted to examine critical roles played by APN and the way these roles have tremendously changed in the contemporary healthcare market (Hamric and Hanson, 2003). Th e authors also attempts to offer clear and comprehensive roles of APN nurses in the contemporary society. Nurses employ applicable counseling, interpersonal skills and valuable communication skills; thus they initiate therapeutic relationships. They also work in collaboration with other healthcare professions and employ effective ethical standards in order to meet the demanding needs of their clients. b) Professional Development Competencies The professional development competencies are also significant APN roles because they help individuals to accomplish and maintain the level of proficiencies necessary to practice. They focus on the role of individuals in self governance of their occupation practice and personal development. According to Hamric and Hanson (2003), professional role development takes into considerations the theoretical principles and norms within the specialty practice area for nursing graduates. The content in professional role development should offer the graduat e with clear understandings of nursing profession, regulations, necessary requirements for nurses and APN roles (Hamric and Hanso

Increasing Floorspace Construction Plan

Increasing Floorspace Construction Plan After the negotiation of the final contract, EID was given the authorization to begin the project.  But there was no formal notice to proceed and the duration of the project was not closely monitored or contractually specified. In the appointment of an owners representative during the design phase, to expedite owners decisions and approvals, Mr. Ian Leadbetter, a mechanical and software engineer, was appointed as the owner representative even though he lacked project management training and experience. Failures in submittal reviews Mr. Leadbetter was occupied with the software development and did not have a standardized process in place for the approval of submittals and other key project management owner processes. Design process failures There was no process that was in place to deal with the expansion of the production train. This change caused the software design work that was completed to be discarded resulting in Mr. Ledbetters need to focus on redesign of the software and not on his duties of facilitating and communicating information between all parties. Since there were no processes on order for submittal reviews and approvals, there was a significant delay in the delivery of the production train equipment. During the construction phase, there were numerous problems that resulted including inter-coordination of shop drawings to design causing the structure of the building to be designed five feet less than required for the production train, owner representatives conducting business with subcontractors without the contractor being present, and other problems with process and technical management. There was no communications plan in place for the project. Failures in completion schedule and getting occupancy permits There were delays due to a number of shortfalls in the project management system. The management failed to hold EID accountable for project completion and closeout causing delays in schedule.   EID did not provide the building occupation permit nor did they comply with scheduling requirements for utility tie-ins causing several weeks in lost production. b. The real objectives of Woody were as follows: Increase the production capacity by 25% Increase the flooring of the production plant Install air conditioning Install dust free painting and finishing shop Add additional compressor capacity Completely install a semi-automatic wood working production train Renovate the President and Vice-Presidents offices e. The projects success can be gauged by their adherence to cost, time, usage of resources and quality standards. Cost: Maximum cost allowed was $ 17 million. Having a control over the budget, without any deviations would be success criteria. Time: The maximum time allowed for the project was 18 months. Any deviation from this would reflect poorly. Quality: Adherence to both product and process quality would be important. Product quality can be determined by the Conditions of Satisfaction established by the customer, in this case the management board of Customs Wood Work. The second quality standard can be measured by the criterion set by the project team in order to obtain the final product. Process quality has to be developed at every stage. 2. Project Scope Set up in 1954, Custom Wood Works had diversified into the manufacturing of made-to-order kitchen and bathroom cabinets, furniture for wholesalers/retailers along with its traditional offering of customized furniture. The company had even taken up sub contract work supplying installing counter tops and cabinets for commercial constructions. With the mini-boom in the construction industry, Custom Wood Works was set to expand its manufacturing business. The company was looking to enter the field of manufacturing by computer controlled automation. To give a certain grandeur to this strategy, the offices of the President and the Vice-President were being refurbished. The scope of the project includes increasing the floor space available to the company with a focus on increasing the companys production capacity by 25%. It also includes setting up of a new semi-automatic wood working production train complete with air-conditioning facilities and a dust free painting shop. The project even includes renovation of the President and Vice-Presidents office. The additives to Woodys project plan should include Sales Assessment An assessment of committed sales contracts and projected contracts should be done to ensure that production can still be maintained during proposed construction and that customer demands for scheduling and delivery requirements are met. There should be a strategic planning session which includes administration, sales, and production to ensure a high standard for customer satisfaction during proposed construction process.  A detailed sales and marketing plan should be prepared and should have contingency planning in case the market falls in a certain sector.   Process and Recommended PMLC model A complete systems flow should be developed to include document, task and schedule accountability, and allow for the integrated coordination between the owner, design and construction teams, and governing agencies. A Woody 2000 project steering committee should be formed that includes the executive management team and key leaders of the project.   Strategic planning and focus groups A systematic strategic planning session with various groups in the organization should be organized. Sub focus group which includes finance, production and administration should be formed. All meetings would have very detailed meeting minutes to include new and old business, pending issues and accountability milestones.   A task-tracking log can be maintained in each of the key disciplines. Evaluate Design and Constructability Value engineering, systems analysis, interior and exterior specification selections, program requirements, and overall design development coordination should be included. Existing production output should be reviewed along with new technologies and the affect upgraded machinery would have on production. Existing production capability should be maintained in order to service existing clients.   Project sequencing and mobilization A complete interfacing of the Woody 2000 project program requirements with the existing operations to determine various solutions for construction mobilization should be included. Pre-construction schedule Woodys executive team should be included in the overall development of the pre-construction schedule with related tasks and accountability time lines. A mobilization plan must be completed in order to ensure that the existing production lines can be maintained without interruption. Financial Performa and feasibility Various alternatives to the proposed expansion including Financial Performa, implications of proposed construction, system for programming spaces, methodologies for hiring of design and construction teams, design development process, implementation process, cost controls, and quality control procedures, should be developed.   Contractor selection methodology A competitive bidding process for the selection of the General Contractor should be followed. A preconstruction conference would be held in which the construction documents would be handed out and the project parameters be discussed and established with contractors. b. Woodys plan in managing the project included the following: Appointing Spencer Moneysworth as the Project Lead Inviting Expert Industrial Developers to quote on the construction. A monthly cash flow was developed by Kim Cashman. Mr. Leadbetter was appointed to take over the day-to-day running of the project. Various vendors like Piecemeal Corporation etc. were appointed to supply the necessities for the impending construction. The installation of the mechanical equipment in the dust free paint shop was given to Amos Dent of Tinknockers Associates. The local inspection authority was asked to intervene and check for compliance with the regulatory policies. An additional line of project financing was opened up to meet the escalated costs, because of the delay in completion. An expensive marketing strategy was launched to win back the lost customers. For post project appraisal, project management consultant W. Easley Associates were retained. A new and improved project management plan should include the following: Programming guidelines 1.  Design review Review Architectural and Engineering Design Services Agreements and ensure that these agreements have definitive date constraints and design to budget parameters. 2.  Review Programming Objectives a. Confirm the Woody team overall desires, intentions, goals and objectives for their expansion and develop a complete needs assessment b. Confirm the long range facility strategies and the necessary sales and marketing strategies needed to keep the new production train generative for its proper production to payback ratio. 3. Review Programming Documents a. Confirm the assessment and audit of Owners existing facilities and determine specific needs to projected revenues.  Review existing operations to ensure that production is not affected by the construction process. b. Ensure the Owners facility needs are fully documented by the use of a program manual and needs assessment log. d. Coordinate with the executive team the overall requested program to decipher between needs and wants and obtain necessary approvals. 4. Review/Maintain Overall Project Budget (OPB) a. Confirm the Owners needs and constraints regarding overall project budget and develop concise budgeting throughout design development phase. b. Confirm coordination of the budget with the program to insure sufficient funds are set aside and that the sequencing of work is in line with projected cash flow. c. Determine cash flow requirements and projections for the duration of the master schedule and coordinate with the finance office. d. Prepare periodic reports to document the planned cash flow versus actual cash flow and report to the Woody 2000 executive steering committee. 5. Review/Maintain Overall Project Schedule (OPS) a. Validate the preliminary schedule and expand the final project schedule and identify major milestones and the critical path for project. b. Validate major team members needs, responsibilities and detailed scheduling of team members work including owner supplied equipment, subcontractors, and the entire project workforce. 6. Review Site Due Diligence 7. Zoning Surveys Coordinate and confirm approvals for proper permitting. a. Transportation Confirm the necessity of a traffic management plan to ensure that the 850 existing employees have ample parking and are not affected by the construction. b. Legal restrictions Confirm approvals for equipment and new paint shop area. c. Environmental reports Soils investigation Confirm that all soils reports are sufficient for the new building footers and structure. e. Existence and capacity of utilities and infrastructure Coordinate with the appropriate utility companies to confirm that all expanded utilities are scheduled properly and without delay. f. Determine applicable government and community agency requirements, approvals and permit. b.  Design Process 1.  Confirm Procurement Agreements Design Services a. Confirm list of consultants, contractors and vendors whose services may be required in the purchasing of design services. b. Monitor the development of agreements to be awarded to successful bidders, all required contracts must be based on hard numbers or guaranteed maximum pricing. 2.  Performance Compliance a. Coordinate the specification of materials with the Owners needs there should be careful consideration given to the production train equipment. b. With the design consultants, develop procedures for material testing and test reporting. 3.  Consultant Coordination a. Monitor the coordination of consultants and vendors in such areas as the production train equipment and other specialized equipment necessary for the expansion space. 4.  Program and Design Compatibility a. Confirm with the design consultants that the developing designs are compatible with the program, master schedule, master budget and quality expectations. b. Confirm with the design consultants that the design as developed is compatible with the Owners needs. 5.  Submittals a. Monitor design submittals and approvals. 6.  Insurance a. Confirm that design consultants have and maintain insurance in accordance with the Owners needs. 7.  Cost Control a. Manage procurement of conceptual estimates of construction costs. b. Assist with value engineering ideas. 8.  Financing a. Assist Owner with developing a process for managing use of the contingency fund. b. Make adjustments as necessary to project current and future cash flows. 4. Quality a. Maintaining quality in this case, includes Adherence to procedures and processes Enforcement of the processes Issuance of completion certificates   Procedures and processes Quality assurance of The Woody 2000 project can only be accomplished through proactive involvement of the management team, interaction with the Owner, and design personnel. The tools to accomplish the same include: Design reviews-Constructability reviews value analysis Submittal control and approval Pre-construction meetings for major building components Partnering Sessions at key intervals of the project to clarify project standards and goals Educating trade contractors in the QA/QC (Quality Assurance/Quality Control) requirements of the project. Quality assurance and control of the Construction Manager and subcontractors and in field operations should begin during the design phase to determine that the contract requirements are clearly understood by all parties.   Periodic inspections must be conducted to ensure that all items are in conformance, or that non-conforming items are corrected.   Enforcement A regular quality inspection process should be documented. If the quality program is not implemented properly, a notice should be given to the parties involved, calling for an immediate resolution. 3.  Review and issuing completion certificate As certain phases of the project are completed, a list of expected deliverables should be given to the contractors. The subcontractors are expected to cross check the expected deliverables with the actual deliverables and call in the quality team for a review. On successful completion fo the review, the completion certificate may be given to the contractor. b. Leadbetter didnt invoke the quality specifications as he had not been trained in project management experience and lacked the desired skills. The result of it were the following The specification of the production train was changed to increase capacity resulting in the rewriting of the software. This increased debugging at the start-up. Review and approval procedures for the various specifications and drawings were not taken, because of which there was a delay in getting the approval. Change in the production plans made it imperative to add another 5 feet to the length of the building. Delay in receiving and reviewing the catalogue descriptions and other specifications. Failure to meet the local environmental compliance standards, as set by the inspection authority. Building occupation certificate couldnt be obtained. Owners inspection and dry-run tests of the production train couldnt be performed. Customer delivery dates were missed and general contractors cancelled their orders. Depletion in the finished goods inventory and hence loss of face and sales opportunities. Resultant delay in the completion of the project, ensured that costs escalated and required an additional line of financing to be opened up. c. The importance of quality for such a project is because of the following reasons Ensures minimum re-work. Would ensure complete utilization of the resources The project would be under the stipulated budget. Proper quality would refer to compliance of standards and procedures. The project can be completed within the stipulated time. 8. Communication and People Management a. Organization Chart Project Chart b. Leadbetter when appointed to take care of the project lacked the knowledge which would have made him an indispensable part of the project. He lacked project management training and experience. He did not have any grounding in the understanding of the project life-cycle and control concepts. But Leadbetter had specialization in the understanding of the semi-automatic manufacturing machinery, which was the area of expansion of the organization. As such, with the start of the production run, this knowledge would have proven to be an asset ot the company. Hence, imparting training in project management and nurturing of his skills would have helped the company. c. Communication Plan The communication plan addresses crucial items which should include: Responsibility Matrix, Team Coordination, Master Schedule and Specific levels of reporting for different levels of individuals within the project design and construction team. Individual team members should receive specific types of reports such as: project team meeting minutes; monthly executive reports, schedule; etc.   Project goals are to be established and documented so each team member understands the common objectives. A Procedures Manual (PMP) should be completed which has all approved processes and procedures for the project.   Progress meetings: These meetings are important and should be conducted at least weekly, with trade contractors and key subcontractors, to discuss current progress and accomplished milestone objectives, forecast the weeks progress and goals, address problems encountered and actions required to correct any deficient work.   This entails two primary goals: To provide a series of tools for accurate monitoring of the progress of the project. To provide thorough, accurate records of the project to protect the owner from potential disputes or legal problems. Therefore, the following is tracked and recorded on each project: This can be achieved through rade Contractor Daily Reports, Construction Photos, Daily Logs, Testing/Inspection Services, Shop Drawings/Submittals, Document Management, Progress Meetings, Schedule Enforcement, Progress Reporting, Safety Inspections etc. Contract Administration and Field Coordination: The project manager should oversee the coordination of efforts between each contract, including issues such as accessibility to the site, maintenance of both pedestrian and vehicular traffic, eliminating disruption to on-going existing activities, tie-ins of utilities and roadways, compatibility of construction methods, construction phasing and utilization of construction forces. Information Management Systems: An Information Management System which implements, tracks and records all the various elements of Project management, planning, organization, meetings and reviews, site logistics, shop drawings, field orders, and document control, should be bought into place. Decision Tracking:   A decision tracking system can be designed to keep the project moving.   Whenever a critical issue is identified by the project team, the system would track the issue, its impact, its source, and the party responsible for the action on the issue.   As individuals take action on the issue, the system would track each action taken and identify the next responsible party in the process of reaching a decision on the issue.   As each issue is resolved, the decision tracking system would close the issue, but preserves the history of the decision process.   RFIs Requests for Information:   These forms can be used regularly to stimulate communication between all project team members, including the owner and architect.   These requests receive immediate attention and are invaluable in aiding the team members to anticipate conflicts before they become problems. d. Expected Communication during execution This should include Design Package Log:  Tracks drawings, specifications and key dates as needed. Pending C.O. Log:  This log tracks owner and designer wish list items and cost.   They allow for timely decisions while maintaining the project budget. Team Action List:  Tracks actions needed to accomplish schedule goals and facilitated those actions. Bi-Weekly Schedules and Meetings:  Meetings, facilitating communication and planning among team members.   These are directed mainly at trade contractors, but also need support from the owner and architect. Liaison Meeting:  Bi-Weekly meetings which includes owner representatives to facilitate major decisions and exchange valuable information.   Submittal Log:  Tracks all submittals by trade contractors requiring approval by the architect and engineers.   Daily Manpower Reports:  This report tracks trade contractors manpower.   This report is reviewed daily and weekly to monitor adequacy of work forces necessary to maintain schedule. CCA Status Reports:  Tracked changes (Contract Change Authorization) and the Owners contingencies available for changes.   Alternate/Value Engineering Log:  Tracks potential additive and deductive changes that the Owner may wish to implement.   Three-Month Calendar:  A three-month calendar with all upcoming meetings and major events can be included with all meeting minutes and updated weekly. 10. Cost Control a. Reasons for the initial high price of EID The initial bid of EID amounted to $ 20 million on a 18 month schedule. EID believed that Woodys would need considerable help with their project planning and had allowed for a number of uncertainties. EID allowed to undertake the work on a fully reimbursable contract. The counter offer EID made was to do the work on their cost but solicit fixed price quotations for all sub-trade work. Their position was reasonable because of 2 reasons: The hourly rate paid would cover all the direct wages/salaries, pay roll burden, head-office overhead and profit. This rate would apply to all engineering, procurement, construction and commissioning for which EID would employ another subcontractor for the building and design work The number of hours put in by EID can be monitored effectively by Woodys. b. 2 years after the project was first launched, there was no meaningful planning for completion. Owners acceptance, testing, dry-run and production start-up of the production train had not been carried out. Also the occupation certificate had not been availed. Due to late delivery of the production train, the tie-in of power and other utility connections scheduled for the annual 2 week maintenance shut-down could not take place. Customer delivery dates were missed and some general contractors cancelled their contracts and placed their orders for mill work elsewhere. Sales opportunities were lost too. All this put together resulted in the fact that, the project was only 85% complete because the delay in completion too was charged to Woodys account. c. Cost Control An experienced team of experts with knowledge of quantities and historical pricing, project management and field supervision, should provide the expertise on all elements relating to cost control, including budgeting, estimating, value engineering and the qualification of subcontractors.   The Woody 2000 project steering committee would receive formal reports weekly from Mr. Moneysworth and Mr. Cashman. The following cost control methods can be implemented throughout the pre-construction and construction phases of the project: Budget Planning In the budgeting phase of the project, the current projected costs of the project can be compared with the initial budget so that the cost doesnt escalate. It has to be ensured that the work involved meets the projected goals Estimating Definitive estimates should be made through schematic design, design development and construction documents stages of the project.  Work has to be done in conjunction with the various prime subcontractors in developing estimates that can be tracked in a similar format to simplify the reconciliation at each estimate phase. Conceptual Pricing: An in-house cost coding system can be developed, to expand into more detailed pricing as the design progresses.   A computer-aided quantity survey system would allow to accurately produce the basic quantities for the project. Cost Forecasting: Prior to the start of the construction phase, transfer the estimate into a cost forecasting format used by project management staff to track costs throughout the project to completion.   This estimating process built from each stage to a Guaranteed Maximum Price estimate, would check it against previous work. Cost Accounting/Tracking: Once the contract price is determined, the estimated labor, material and subcontractor costs can be allocated among standard cost accounts at a level of detail appropriate for tracking individual tasks against the project budget. Procurement and Labor: The procurement cycle begins as purchase orders, subcontracts and change orders are committed, then immediately documented and simultaneously recorded in the cost system.   Actual labor costs, together with work-in-progress, can be recorded on a weekly basis through the payroll system. Cost Reporting: Cost reports are comprehensive and responsive to the specific needs of the project.   Labor reports, printed at the job site weekly, can be used by project management to review progress and costs.   Vendor commitments and expenditures, sorted in various level of detail, can be monitored in several reports. Actual job cost detail can be reported on a limited date range, a group of cost accounts, or for the entire project to date.   Purchasing: A system must be followed that solicits competitive bids from subcontractors and suppliers based upon a set of defined bidding procedures.   In conjunction with the owner, this would identify qualified and capable subcontractors and suppliers taking into consideration their previous experience, workload, ability to perform, and financial capability.   Pre-bid meetings can be conducted for the purpose of assisting subcontractors in understanding the bid documents, design intent and project requirements Subcontractor Qualification: The subcontractor qualification process remains an important part of cost and project control.   However, subcontractors cannot be arbitrarily eliminated from the project unless warranted by serious business indicators.   The subcontractor qualification process is an important step in evaluating the apparent low bidders for capability to satisfactorily perform the scope of work.   Additionally, the evaluation can reveal early signs of weakness, which can be supported to ensure a quality performance. Pricing: Prices should be obtained from a minimum of three pre-qualified bidders for each category of work on the project.   The accuracy and dependability of subcontractor pricing should be directly related to the content of information furnished to the bidders.   d. Flow Chart for processing changes: Cost Forecasting Conceptual Pricing Estimating Budget Planning Purchasing Cost Reporting Procurement Labour Cost Tracking Sub Contracting 11. Risk Identification and Control b c. List of Woodys Actual Surprises: The allocated budget for the project was pegged at $17 million, with 18 months as the time frame for the construction. Mr.Moneysworth invited Expert Industrial Developers to quote on the planned expansion. The fixed price quotation which was given by the firm amounted to $ 20 million and an 18 month schedule. Mr. Ian Leadbetter was appointed for running the project, despite his lack of knowledge in project management training and experience. On suggestion of EID, that Woodys should take over the procurement of the production train directly, the entire production train specification had to be changed to increase the capacity and consequently the program codes too. Change in the production plan resulted in another 5 feet being added to the height of the building. Catalogue descriptions and specifications were not received until the foundations had been poured The surplus paint disposal method didnt meet the environmental standards as specified by the inspection authority Failure to obtain the building occupation certificate Failure of the tie-in of the power and other utility connections Response to the above: Costs arising from these changes, including the delay in the completion were charged tto Woodys account. To mitigate the effect of only 85% completion, Cashman was forced to scramble for an additional line of project financing at prime plus 2.5% interest. Liquid cash was spent at every such instance. A coordinated marketing effort was launched to regain the interest of the customer, which didnt have much effect. Possible Risk Management Plan: The implementers of the project could have followed a 4 prong Risk Management Plan: Risk Identification: Identify potential risks as a part of the project. Case specific potential risks can include securing permits and unfavorable weather conditions which may hamper the construction work. A 10% contingency can be accorded to the construction schedule. Care should be taken to ensure that schedule creep doesnt happen. There can be 4 categories of risk included as a part of the Risk Management Plan Technical Risk: This includes a review of the quality and performance goals of the project. Proper installation of the lag bolts, coordination with the drawing shops and the foundation contractor etc. come under this. Project Management Resources: This includes improper planning and allocation of resources and improper use of management disciplines. Coordination between the owners interface and the appropriate contractors can be a part of this. Organizational Risks: This should ensure that the there are enough human resources allocated to the project and that there are no conflicts between the project staff and the employees of the Custom Wood Working company. External Risk: These risks can be caused by external parties such as regulatory agencies, labor contracts and supplier restrictions. There should be proper coordination with utility companies and that all equipments and systems should be approved by the appropriate regulatory agencies. Risk Assessment This can be done by 2 methods: Static and Dynamic assessment. While static risk assessment is